Approximately, 70% of the country’s population lives in rural areas. The villagers have an ordinary way of living, dressing, food habits, shelter, and manners, etc. There is very little scope for occupational versatility because agriculture is still the main occupation of the people.

In a village each member tries to establish their work and earn money to survive in life but, they able to understand the weakness and qualities of the members of his community.

In rural societies, there is no confusion and as such, there is not much of uniqueness. The speed of change is slow and there is a usually responsive problem of social flexibility in day-to-day life. The villagers love their culture and cultural heritage, therefore pure culture can be found only in the villages.

Major issues in rural development

Rural development is a topic which is pretty easy to understand but hard to put into operation. The development of the rural sections experience grave poverty issues and effectively aims at developing their productivity. DUPLICATE

It also highlights the need to address various pressing issues of village economies that obstruct growth and improve these areas. These issues need attention in Rural Development in India:

• Public health and sanitation
• Literacy
• Female empowerment
• Enforcement of law and order
• Land reforms
• Infrastructure development like irrigation, electricity etc.
• Availability of credit
• abolition of poverty

 

Education System in Rural Areas

India is developing quickly and many developent projects had been taken for the development of rural India, still much more have to be done. Still, there are several problems faced by the schools running in rural India.

Many schools in villages lack proper infrastructure facilities. There are no proper facilities for sitting and sometimes children are even sit on the floors of the school.

Whereas, teachers in the villages get very less income in comparison to the teachers urban schools. Dissatifaction lead them to not provide proper education to the students.

Another major issue faced by education system is Lack of transport. As there are no proper transportation facilities available, children have to travel miles to come to school.

The number of schools are very less in rural parts of India in comparison to the schools in urban areas. Even the basic necessities like drinking water, clean toilets etc. are missing.

Apart from the academics, rural schools do not provide extra-curricular activities like sports, painting, dancing, competitions etc. to students. Such activities help in the overall development of children.

One of the severe problems in the education system in rural India is the unavailability of funds. Some schools do not have funds even to obtain benches, blackboards etc.

 

Health care in rural areas

Rural healthcare is backward in quality, affordability, and accessibility for numerous reasons. The healthcare needs of persons living in rural areas are different from those in urban areas, and rural areas are suffered from a lack of access to healthcare.

People living in rural areas suffer from poorer socioeconomic conditions, less education, access use of tobacco and alcohol, and higher death rates when compared to their urban. There are also high rates of poverty amongst rural peoples in many parts of the world, and poverty is one of the biggest social concerns of health.

Many countries have made it a first concern to increase funding for research on rural health. Rural health improvement projects worldwide are majorly focused on three basic problems communication, transportation of services and goods, and lack of doctors, nurses, and general staff associated with a rural health system.

Problems faced by rural women

India today has reached a high point of success in many fields like science and technology, literature, movies and much more. But, there are some issues that are still common in the country and more importantly in rural India.

Rural India is the actual soul of the country where a maximum of its population live in yet it is also the most neglected and ignored by the Government. The major victims of the issues in rural India are women. Rural Indian Women are still facing these problems:

• Lack of toilet at home
• Gender inequality
• Dowry system
• Kitchen
• Medical issue
• Exploitation
• Child marriage
• Domestic violence

Employment in Rural Areas

Due to higher unemployment and low income in the rural areas results in low obtain power of the rural people, ultimately affecting their quality of life. The government has launched several schemes to produce employment, especially in rural areas.

To achieve growth with impartiality and social justice, the government of India has been performing specific poverty removal plans since the Fifth five-year plan (1974 – 1979). The most recent plan under the wage employment programmes is the launch of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2006.

These are the following schemes and program launched by the government of India for rural employment:

• National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) (1980)
• Rural Landless Employment Guarantee (RLEG) (1983)
• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) (1989)
• Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) (1993
• Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)(1999)
• Swarna Jyanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (1999)
• Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY, 2001)
• National Food for Work Programme (NFWP, 2004).
• National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS, 2006)
• Prime Minister – Rural Employment Generation Programmes (2008)
• Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETI’s)
• Prime Minister’s Shram Awards’ Scheme (2012)

Causes of backwardness in rural development

Backwardness leads to extreme lower standard of living, denying even the basic requirements of life to a huge majority of the population. These are the following causes backwardness in rural development is listed below:

• Economic Causes

-Low agricultural production

-Unemployment

-Economic Depression and Inadequate Development

• Social Causes

-Lack of Sufficient Housing

-Fault in Education System

-Joint family, Caste system and Religious belief

-Colonial rule

• Personal Causes

-Sickness and Mental illness

-Illiteracy, Idleness, Large size of the family

• Geographic Causes

-Climate

-Availability of Natural Resources

-Natural Calamities

-Measure for Poverty Alleviation

Major issues for rural development

 

• People-related problems

-The traditional way of thinking

-Poor understanding

-Low level of Education to understand development efforts and new technology

-Deprived psychology and scientific orientation

-Lack of confidence

-Poor awareness

-Low level of education

• Agriculture-related problems

-Lack of unexpected awareness, knowledge, skills, and attitude

-Unavailability of inputs

-Insufficient extension of staff and services

-Multidimensional tasks to extension personnel

-The small size of landholding

• Infrastructural-related problems

-Water

-Electricity

-Transport

-Educational institutions

-Communications

-Health

-Employment

-Storage facility

• Economic Problems

-Unfavorable economic condition to adopt high-cost technology

-The high cost of input

-Underprivileged rural industries

• Leadership related problems

-Leadership among the hands of inactive and incomplete people

-Self-interest of people

• Administrative problems

-Political interference

-Lack of motivation and interest

-Unwillingness to work in villages

-Improper utilization of budget

What does the Government do for rural sectors?

The Ministry of Rural Development and the Government of India in coordination with the Department of Rural Development and Department of Land Resources have been carrying forward various schemes to upgrade the rural sectors. These are the following scheme’s launch by Government of India in favor of rural development:

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna

• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojna

• Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna

• Prime Minister Rural Development Scheme

• National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

• Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojna

• Sarv Siksha Abhiyan

• Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna

• National Social Assistance Program

• Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojna/ Indira Awaas yojna

• Antyodaya Anna Yojna

• Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas

• Budget Ministry of Rural Development

• Roshni: Skill development scheme for tribals

• Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan

• Heritage Development and Augmentation yojna

• National Rural Livelihood Mission

• Training to Rural Youth for Self-employment

• Village Grain Bank Scheme

• National Rural Health Mission

• Aam Aadmi Bima Yojna

• Kutir Jyoti Program

• Atal Pension Yojna

• Janani Suraksha yojna

• Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojna

• Health Insurance through Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna

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Summary

No doubt, villages are in a state of neglect and under-development condition. The potential in Rural India is immense, what if every village in the country provided basic facilities like water, electricity, health care, education, transport, communication, and other facilities.

When if it did India will turn into a mighty country. The day will see the reverse migration of people from the urban slams back to the villages. Rural development is the subject to come to the forefront after the economic informs and rural banking will serve the backbone of this development.

 

 

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